Clothing labelling technologies: From Levi Strauss to RFID

Did you know that the first registered clothing label dates back to 1886? It was created by Levi Strauss & Co. to reinforce their image of quality, branding their jeans with a leather label depicting two horses trying to break the garment’s resistance. What began as a simple branding strategy has evolved into an essential component of the textile industry.

Today, labels are more than just a source of information; they are technological tools that assist in inventory management, storytelling, and connecting consumers with brands. But how did we go from leather labels to smart labels with RFID and QR codes?

The evolution of clothing labels

Not too long ago, labels were little more than strips of fabric with basic information. As consumers demanded more transparency and brands sought to differentiate their garments in an increasingly competitive market, labels evolved.

First came more versatile and durable materials, followed by advanced printing techniques, and most recently, smart technologies like RFID. These advancements have not only transformed label design and functionality but have also opened new opportunities to integrate garments into brands’ digital ecosystems.

Today, a label is far more than an accessory—it’s an essential tool that combines creativity, technology, and sustainability.

Key labelling technologies

RFID labels: Traceability and operational efficiency

The introduction of RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology marked a turning point in labelling. Unlike barcodes, which require direct line of sight to be read, RFID labels use radio waves to transmit information to a reader from a significant distance. This enables brands to track garments in real time, from factory to store, and gain a clear view of inventory in seconds.

Initially, RFID implementation faced challenges. The production costs of electronic tags were high, limiting adoption to large retailers like Zara or Walmart, who could leverage economies of scale. However, as the technology advanced, it became more accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises. This shift not only improved operational efficiency but also opened doors for managing returns, preventing theft, and personalising customer experiences at the point of sale.

If you’d like more information, you can read our article on RFID labels.

Digital printing: Flexibility and customisation

Another revolutionary technology in labelling is digital printing. Before its emergence, labels were produced using traditional methods such as screen printing or embossing, which were slow, costly, and ill-suited to small runs or frequent design changes.

Digital printing allows highly detailed, full-colour designs to be printed on labels, with the ability to personalise each unit. This advancement has democratised access to sophisticated labels and become a cornerstone for fast-fashion brands reliant on short production cycles and limited collections. Additionally, it has fostered creativity in label design, enabling brands to incorporate QR codes or interactive graphics without significantly increasing costs.

QR codes and augmented reality: Direct consumer connection

QR codes are an innovation that combines simplicity with technological power. Through a simple label, consumers can access a wealth of additional information: from video care instructions to details about the product’s origin and sustainability. In some cases, QR codes have served as gateways to augmented reality experiences, allowing customers to see how a garment looks on a virtual model or discover outfit combinations.

The key impact of these technologies lies in their ability to integrate consumers into the brand’s digital ecosystem. Where once there was a disconnect between labelling and the end customer, now there’s a direct channel that facilitates interaction and strengthens customer loyalty. However, their success depends on proper implementation by brands, which must ensure the codes are functional, intuitive, and relevant to their target audience.

In summary, technologies such as RFID, digital printing, and QR codes have not only transformed labelling but have also redefined processes and strategies across the entire value chain in the textile industry. This technological leap has required adapting to new ways of producing, managing, and interacting with consumers, paving the way for smarter and more connected labelling.

Benefits of modern labelling technologies

The most immediate benefit has been improved traceability and inventory management for businesses. For any textile industry professional, traceability is a top priority. Technologies like RFID and QR codes allow precise tracking of garments, from production to the point of sale. This not only reduces errors but also optimises operational time and costs—something every logistics manager appreciates.

Another increasingly important benefit is the push towards sustainability. Digital labels can reduce the use of paper and other materials, while traceability systems help identify and correct inefficiencies in the supply chain. Additionally, providing detailed information encourages responsible consumption, enabling customers to learn about the origin and composition of their garments.

Emerging trends in clothing labelling technologies

Looking ahead, trends indicate a rise in the use of smart labels that incorporate sensors, such as those that monitor wear or environmental conditions. Greater personalisation is also expected, with labels adapting their content to the preferences of the end user.

Moreover, blockchain technologies could be incorporated to ensure transparency in the supply chain, providing consumers with the assurance that their garments meet ethical and sustainable standards.

Technologies like RFID, digital printing, and QR codes have not only transformed labelling but also opened new possibilities for the fashion industry. These technologies allow brands to personalise labels to align with their branding strategies, include relevant data to support sustainability commitments, or even integrate interactive elements that connect directly with their end customers. In short, labels are no longer an afterthought; they are an integral part of your branding strategy.